Saturday, April 9, 2011

Is Confucianism a Religion?

Interesting forum entry from the History of China graduate course I'm taking right now:

When I teach religion in my World History I class, we organize each of the five major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam) into what Emile Durkheim called "the Five Functions of Religion." These functions are that it
1) Provides psychological support,
2) Provides social cohesion,
3) Gives meaning to the mundane,
4) Serves a prophetic function and
5) Provides social order.

Normally my fellow teachers and I treat Confucianism as part of our section on Chinese philosophy rather than as a religion in and of itself and haven't in the past put it into this framework. However, in looking at these readings I didn't realize how easily I could structure my teaching of Confucianism, Daoism and Legalism in the same way I do religions. The reading on "The Nature of Chinese Religions" was especially helpful in helping me see a different way of teaching.
1) Psychological support comes from the worship of ancestors and using their wisdom to better your own and your society's life
2) Social cohesion is inherent in Confucius' "Five Key Relationships"
3) Giving meaning to the mundane can be found in how Chinese religions connect everyday activities with the supernatural
4) The prophetic function is a bit trickier, since Confucius isn't really seen as a religious figure, however, Martin Luther King Jr. and Ghandi were also not deities, but leaders who used religious teachings to bring about social change.
5) Providing social order exists not only in the five key relationships, but also is inherent in pretty much everything Hanfeizi wrote about!

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